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ELECTION AND REPRESENTATION

Q1. Which of the following statements are incorrect? Identify and correct them by substituting, adding or rearranging only

one word or phrase.

FPTP system is followed for all the elections in India.

Ans: Incorrect.

Explanation:

FPTP system is followed for Panchayats, Legislative Assemblies and the Lok Sabha elctions.

Q2. Which of the following statements are incorrect? Identify and correct them by substituting, adding or rearranging only

one word or phrase.

Appointment of more than one Election Commissioners in the Election Commission is mandatory.

Ans: Incorrect.

Explanation:

Appointment of more than one Election Commissioner in the Election Commission is not mandatory.

Q3. Which of the following statements are incorrect? Identify and correct them by substituting, adding or rearranging only

one word or phrase.

Election Commission does not supervise Panchayat and Municipal elections.

Ans: Correct.

Q4. Which of the following statements are incorrect? Identify and correct them by substituting, adding or rearranging only

one word or phrase.

President of India cannot remove an Election Commissioner.

Ans: Incorrect.

Explanation:

President of India can remove an Election Commissioner on the recommendation of both houses of the Parliament.

Q5. Which of the following is common to the method of election of the members of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha?

1. Every citizen above the age of 18 is an eligible voter.

2. Voter can give preference order for different candidates.

3. Every vote has equal value.

4. The winner must get more than half the votes.

Ans: 3. Every vote has equal value.

Q6. In the First Past the Post system, that candidate is declared winner who.

1. Secures the largest number of postal ballots.

2. Belongs to the party that has highest number of votes in the country.

3. Has more votes than any other candidate in the constituency.

4. Attains first position by securing more than 50% votes.

Ans: 3. Has more votes than any other candidate in the constituency.

Q7. Which of the following resembles most a direct democracy?

1. Discussions in a family meeting.

2. Election of the class monitor.

3. Choice of a candidate by a political party.

4. Decisions taken by the Gram Sabha.

5. Opinion polls conducted by the media.

Ans: 2. Election of the class monitor.

4. Decisions taken by the Gram Sabha.

Q8. Which of the following tasks are not performed by the Election Commission?

1. Preparing the Electoral Rolls.

2. Nominating the candidates.

3. Setting up polling booths.

4. Implementing the model code of conduct.

5. Supervising the Panchayat elections.

Ans: 2. Nominating the candidates.

5. Supervising the Panchayat elections.

Q9.

A former Chief Election Commissioner joined a political party and contested elections. There are various views on this

issue. One view is that a former Election Commissioner is an independent citizen and has a right to join any political party

and to contest election. According to the other view, leaving this possibility open can affect the impartiality of the Election

Commission. So, former Election Commissioners must not be allowed to contest any elections. Which position do you

agree with and why?

Ans: Any answer supported with argument or explanation would solve the purpose. It is strongly recommended that you

prepare the solution on your own. However, one sample solution has been provided for your reference:

The Election Commissioners should not contest elections after they leave office. This is because the Election

Commission is a constitutional body that requires the highest standards of integrity to ensure impartiality in its conduct.

The task of the Election Commissioner is to impartially supervise and safeguard the conduct of elections and not

become a part of the electoral process. Any future prospect of the involvement of a statutory official like the Election

Commissioner in electoral politics would seriously compromise the integrity and impartiality of the one institution that

is the cornerstone of democratic convention in the country.

This practice would set a precedent that would erode the credibility of the Election Commission and render it liable to

charges of bias in its conduct of elections. Such a situation would be unhealthy for the polity in the long term as it

would be exposed to electoral malpractices at the highest levels.

This precedent would constitute a real danger of reducing elections to a shambolic exercise that would be hostage to

the temptation of office for the Election Commissioners at a future date.

Q10. Here are some wishes expressed in a conference to discuss a constitution for a new country.

Write against each of these whether FPTP or Proportional Representation system is more suited to meet each of these

wishes.

1. People should clearly know who is, their representative so that they can hold him or her personally accountable.

2. We have small linguistic minorities who are spread all over the country; we should ensure fair representation to

them.

3. There should be no discrepancy between votes and seats for different parties.

4. People should be able to elect a good candidate even if they do not like his or her political party.

Ans: 1. FPTP system.

2. Proportional Representation system.

3. Proportional Representation system.

4. FPTP system.

Q11. What is the difference between the system of reservation of constituencies and the system of separate electorate? Why

did the Constitution makers reject the latter?

Ans: In a system of reservation of constituencies, the candidates are from that social section for which the seat is reserved

and all voters, irrespective of their social group, vote for any of them. In a system of separate electorate, the candidate

of a particular community can only be elected by the voters of her/ his community.

The latter was rejected by the Constitution makers because it went against their purpose of unity, secularism and a

state that is free from discrimination.

Q12. Indian electoral system aims at ensuring representation of socially disadvantaged sections. However, we are yet to have

even 10 percent women members in our legislatures. What measures would you suggest to improve the situation?

Ans: The percent of women members would improve through the following measures:

Using proportional representation system, we can ensure the proper representation of women in legislature

according to their percentage in population.

Also, we can have reserved constituencies from which seat is reserved for women which ensure proper

representation of women.

Some European countries have voluntary political party quotas that encourage and ensure women’s participation

in the political process. Similarly, India needs to implement Political party quota for women.

Q13. “Indian democracy is now ready to shift from a crude First Past the Post system to a system of Proportional

Representation”. Do you agree with this statement? Give your reasons for or against this statement.

Ans: Indian democracy is not yet ready to replace the First Past the Post system with Proportional Representation because,

Proportional representation system complicated system which would be difficult to work in a sub-continental

country like India.

In PR system, voters have only choice to choose a party and the representatives are elected on the basis of party

lists. There is no representative for one locality which would be held accountable.

Indian is a vast country with a large number of ethnic and social groups. PR system would encourage each

community to form its own party which endanger the social fabric of the country.

PR based election may not be suitable for giving a stable government in a parliamentary system.