DISCOVERING
TUT THE SAGA CONTINUES: SUMMARY AND QUESTION ANSWER
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DISCOVERING TUT THE SAGA CONTINUES SUMMARY
Death
of King Tut
King Tut was just a teenager when he died. He was the
last heir of a powerful family that had ruled Egypt and its empire for
centuries. He was buried and forgotten over the years. But after the discovery
of his tomb in 1922, the modern world wondered about the cause of his untimely
death. He was brought out of his tomb and recently a CT scan was done to ascertain
the reason of his death.
The
Mummy of King Tut
At 6 pm on 5th January, 2005, the world's most famous
mummy (preserved body was taken out from its burial tomb. As the mummy of King
Tut was being put into the scanner for performing a CT scan, angry winds
stirred and dark clouds covered the stars. The weather had been overcast all
day and the night sky was hidden by dark-bellied clouds. The CT scan was being
done to unearth the remaining medical mysteries that surrounded the untimely
death of this young
King who died more than 3300 year ago. King Tut’s tomb
lies 26 feet underground in the ancient Egyptian cemetery known as the Valley
of the king. Tourists from around the world came to visit the tomb to pay their
respects. They gazed at the murals on the walls of the burial chamber and
looked at King Tut’s gilded face on the lid of his outer coffin. The visitors
were curious and thoughtful. Some feared the Pharaoh’s curse would befall those
who disturbed him.
Howard
Carter and his Findings
Howard Carter was a British archaeologist who in 1922
discovered King Tut's tomb after years of futile searching. Its contents remain
the richest royal collection ever found. There were dazzling works of art in
gold that had caused a sensation then and continue to draw people's attention
even today. King Tut was also buried with everyday things such as board games,
a bronze razor, cases of food, clothes, wine etc that he would need in the life
after death. Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of Egypt's Supreme Council of
Antiquities, explained that the mummy was in a very bad condition because of
what Howard Carter did to it. Howard Carter found King Tut's body in three
nested coffins. In the first coffin, he found a shroud decorated with garlands
of willow and olive leaves, wild celery, lotus petals and cornflowers which
indicated that the burial took place in March or April. When he finally reached
the mummy, he ran into trouble. The ritual resins had hardened, cementing King
Tut to the bottom of the solid gold coffin.
Howard
Carter had to Chisel Out King Tut's Mummy
Howard Carter tried to loosen the resins by putting
the mummy outside in the sun that heated it to 149 degrees Fahrenheit. For
several hours the mummy was set outside in blazing sunshine but nothing
happened. He reported that the tough material had to be cut from under the
limbs and trunk to free the King's remains. The royals in King Tut's time
believed that they could take their fortune with them after death. Hence, King
Tut was buried with all his expensive belongings. To separate King Tut from his
ornaments, Howard Carter's men removed the mummy's head and cut off nearly
every major joint; then they reassembled the remains of the body on a layer of
sand in a wooden box with padding:
King
Tut's Mummy X-Rayed
Archaeology
has changed since then, focusing less on treasures and more on the fascinating
details of life and fascinating mysteries of death. It also uses more
sophisticated tools. In 1968, more than 40 years after Howard Carter's
discovery, an anatomy professor X-rayed the mummy and revealed an astonishing
fact that beneath the resin that caked King Tut's chest, his breast bone and
front ribs were missing. King Tut's demise was a big event, even by royal
standards, as he was the last ruler of his family. His funeral meant the end of
a royal dynasty. But the facts of his death and its consequences are unclear.
King
Tut's Mummy and its CT Scan
King Tut is one mummy among many in Egypt. No one
knows how many mummies there are in Egypt. The Egyptian Mummy Project has
recorded almost six hundred and is still counting, King Tut's mummy was the
first mummy to be CT scanned to ascertain the secret of his death by a portable
scanner donated by National Geographic Society and Siemens. King Tut's entire
body was scanned. On the night of the scan, workmen carried him from the tomb
and rose it on a hydraulic lift into a trailer that held the scanner.
However, initially the costly scanner could not
function properly because of sand in the cooler fan. But soon all the hurdles
were crossed and after the scan, the King was returned to his coffin to rest in
peace.
The CT scan showed an astonishing image of King Tut
and his entire body very clearly. It showed a grey head, neck vertebrae, a
hand, several images of the rib cage and a section of the skull. Zahi Hawass
was relieved that nothing had seriously gone wrong. As the technicians left the
trailer, they saw the star constellation which the ancient Egyptians knew as
the soul of Osiris, the God of the afterlife. They felt as if the God was
watching over the boy King.
chapter 3 English class 11 question answer
Questions (Page No. 28)
discovering tut the saga continues class 11 questions and answers
Question
1. Give reasons for the following.
i.
King Tut’s body has
been subjected to repeated scrutiny
Answer: Tut’s body had been examined numerous times
because he was the world’s most famous mummy. Aside from the gold-plated face
of the coffin, visitors to the tomb believed that there was a mystery
surrounding the young ruler’s untimely death. They also wondered if the
pharaoh’s curse, which befell those who disturbed his resting place, was true
or not.
ii.
Howard Carter’s
investigation was resented.
Answer: Howard Carter’s investigation, which took
place in the 1920s, was criticised because King Tut’s body was badly damaged in
an attempt to separate it from the golden coffin. He had used unethical methods
to extract the gold and had made no effort to investigate the cause of death.
iii.
Carter had to chisel
away the solidified resins to raise the king’s remains.
Answer: Howard had to chisel away the solidified resin
to raise Tut’s remains, which had become cemented to the bottom of the coffin
and showed no signs of escaping. No amount of force could separate the body
from the coffin; not even exposing it to the scorching sun could melt the solid
raisin.
iv.
Tut’s body was buried
along with gilded treasures.
Answer: Tut’s body was buried alongside gold and other
treasures because, at the time, the royals and rich individuals wished and
believed that they might take their wealth with them until they died and use it
for the afterlife.
v.
The boy king changed
his name from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun
Answer: Tutankhamun, the boy-king, changed his name
from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun in order to restore everything that his father
had destroyed.
Question 2.
i.
List the deeds that
led Ray Johnson to describe Akhenaten as “wacky”.
Answer: Ray Johnsen described Akhenaten as “wacky”
because he promoted the worship of Aten (the sun disc) over Amun the major God,
changed his name from Amenhotep to Akhenaten, relocated the religious capital
from Thebes to Akhetaten, and destroyed Amun temples and idols, thus shocking
the entire country.
ii.
What were the results
of the CT scan?
Answer: The CT scan revealed King Tut’s neck
vertebrae, a hand, several views of the rib cage, and a skull transaction.
Everything indicated that nothing serious had gone wrong.
iii.
List the advances in
technology that have improved forensic analysis.
Answer: The introduction of medical technology that
focuses on the aspects of life and mysteries of death rather than the treasure
buried with the remains has shaped the future of archaeology in forensic
analysis. The x-ray was invented, followed by the CT scanner, which allowed for
diagnostic imaging. It creates a three-dimensional virtual body from ancient
remains, revealing body parts that have been preserved for thousands of years.
iv.
Explain the statement,
“King Tut is one of the first mummies to be scanned — in death, as in life…”
Answer: According to this statement, King Tut was the
first pharaoh whose mummified body was scanned 3,300 years after his death.
When he was alive, he was a well-known figure. Even though he was only a boy,
he was intelligent and practical, making bold decisions and restoring lost
customs and traditions that his father had destroyed. He ruled for nine years,
but his death was unexpected, leaving the cause unknown.
Questions (Page No. 29)
(Thinking about
language)
Question
1. Read the following piece of information from The Encyclopedia of Language by
David Crystal.
Egyptian
is now extinct: its history dates from before the third millennium B.C., preserved
in many hieroglyphic inscriptions and papyrus manuscripts. Around the second
century A.D., it developed into a language known as Coptic. Coptic may still
have been used as late as the early nineteenth century and is still used as a
religious language by Monophysite Christians in Egypt.
1. What do you think are the reasons for the extinction
of languages?
Answer: Languages are becoming extinct for a variety
of reasons. A dominant language that is not native to the locals frequently
replaces the main language. Other reasons include the genocide of entire races,
poor cultural heritage preservation, and the loss and damage of historical
records.
2. Do you think it is important to preserve languages?
Answer: Yes, language preservation is critical.
Languages are an important tool for understanding and preserving a culture’s
traditions. It also allows one to reconnect with their ancestors. Literature is
a tool for preserving and learning a language.
3. In what ways do you think we could help prevent the extinction
of languages and dialects?
Answer: We can preserve language and dialects by
recovering and practising a lost language. To do so, we must stay connected to
our roots by encouraging children to speak in their mother tongue more often,
reading old books in their native language, and conversing with the elderly.
Questions (Page No. 29)
(Working with words)
Question
1. Given below are some interesting combinations of words. Explain why they
have been used together.
i.
ghostly dust devils
ii.
desert sky
iii.
stunning artefacts
iv.
funerary treasures
v.
scientific detachment
vi.
dark-bellied clouds
vii.
casket grey
viii.
eternal brilliance
ix.
ritual resins
x.
virtual body
Answer:
i.
This term refers to
the violent movement of dusty winds in a desert. The winds are called devils
because they punish and annoy the workers for disturbing King Tut’s tomb.
ii.
Suggests the dryness
and aridity of a desert.
iii.
The tomb contained
artefacts and treasures of high market value, beauty, and brilliance.
iv.
The treasures buried
with King Tut’s mummy were all made of gold and were extremely valuable.
v.
Refers to a rejection
of scientific intervention and traditional methods.
vi.
Clouds that are dark
in colour and indicate the possibility of storms and heavy rain.
vii.
The stars are shrouded
in dark grey clouds, as if they were jewels kept in a casket.
viii.
Refers to something
that will last indefinitely and is unaffected by time. It is used here to
describe the gleam and lustre of Tut’s golden treasure and artefacts.
ix.
Customarily, the
resins are used to prepare a body for mummification and in burial rituals.
x.
A machine-created
image or artificial body that represents the real body. It can be used to
gather information and facts about a real body.
Question 2.
Here are some commonly used medical terms. Find out their meanings.
CT scan –
They are specialised x-ray tests that use X-rays and a computer to create
cross-sectional images of the body.
MRI –
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic technique that employs
magnetic fields and radio waves to generate a detailed image of the body’s soft
tissue and bones.
Tomography
– It refers to sectional imaging or sectioning using any type of penetrating
wave. It is used in radiology, archaeology, and other scientific fields.
Autopsy –
It is a surgical procedure that entails dissecting a corpse to determine the
cause and manner of death or to evaluate an injury for research purposes.
Dialysis –
It is the process of removing excess water and toxins from the blood in people
whose kidneys have lost the ability to do so naturally.
ECG – The
electrocardiogram, also known as an ECG, is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate
the electrical and muscular functions of the heart.
Post
Mortem – A corpse is examined or analysed soon after death to determine the
cause of death.
Angiography
– It is a type of imaging tool used to see inside blood vessels and organs of
the body, specifically arteries, veins, and heart chambers.
Biopsy –
It is a medical procedure in which surgeons, radiologists, or cardiologists
extract cells or tissues for examination in order to determine the presence and
extent of a disease.