Ruling the Countryside Class 8 Notes and Mind map

If you're a student studying the chapter "Ruling the Countryside" in class 8, you may be looking for additional resources to help you understand the material. Our comprehensive notes, multiple choice questions, and extra Q&A can provide you with a deeper understanding of the chapter and help you prepare for exams.

Introduction to the chapter and its significance.

"Ruling the Countryside" is an important chapter in class 8 history that focuses on the impact of British colonialism on rural India. It explores the various policies and strategies employed by the British to control and exploit the countryside, including the introduction of the zamindari system and the Permanent Settlement Act. Understanding this chapter is crucial for students to gain a comprehensive understanding of India's colonial history and its lasting effects on the country's social, economic, and political landscape.

The Company Gets Revenue Rights

One of the key policies introduced by the British to control the countryside was the zamindari system. Under this system, the British granted revenue rights to local landlords, known as zamindars, who were responsible for collecting taxes from peasants and forwarding them to the British government. This system allowed the British to extract revenue from the countryside without having to directly manage the land or deal with the peasants. However, it also led to widespread exploitation and oppression of peasants by the zamindars, who often charged exorbitant rates and used violent means to collect taxes.

Permanent Settlement of Bengal

The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was a policy introduced by the British in 1793, which aimed to establish a fixed revenue system in Bengal. Under this system, the British granted revenue rights to a select group of zamindars, who were responsible for collecting taxes from peasants and forwarding them to the British government. This system was supposed to provide stability and predictability in revenue collection, but it ultimately led to the concentration of land ownership in the hands of a few wealthy zamindars, who became powerful political players in the region. The Permanent Settlement also had negative consequences for the peasants, who were forced to pay high taxes and faced eviction if they could not meet their obligations.

The Mahalwari System

The Mahalwari System was another revenue system introduced by the British in India. Under this system, the land was divided into villages or mahals, and the revenue was collected from the entire village rather than individual landowners. The responsibility of collecting revenue was given to a group of village headmen or choudharies. This system was introduced in areas where the zamindari system was not feasible, such as in areas with scattered landholdings. However, like the zamindari system, the Mahalwari System also had negative consequences for the peasants, who were burdened with high taxes and faced eviction if they could not meet their obligations.

Story of Indigo Production in India during the Colonial Period

Indigo production was a major industry in India during the colonial period. The British introduced the indigo cultivation system, which required farmers to grow indigo on a portion of their land and sell it to the British planters at a fixed price. This system was exploitative and led to widespread protests by the farmers, who were forced to grow indigo instead of food crops. The most famous of these protests was the Indigo Revolt of 1859, led by the farmer Baba Ramchandra. The revolt was successful in ending the indigo cultivation system in many parts of India, but it also led to the brutal suppression of the farmers by the British authorities.

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