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1. What is the difference between the negative and positive
conception of liberty?
Ans: Liberty is understood in two different ways-Negative and
positive aspects of liberty.
Negative conception of
liberty:
1. It implies
the absence of restraints and rights to do whatever one likes.
2. This
conception may make the powerful person more powerful to keep the weaker ones
on their mercy.
Following are the
drawbacks of Negative conception of liberty:
1. Liberty is
concerned with the area control, not with its source; hence this is not
necessary to have democracy to
enjoy freedom.
2. The state
should control the liberty of an individual only upto the limit where he
interferes in other’s such liberty.
Positive conception of
Liberty:
It refers to the
society in which adequate facilities are available for each and every section
of society to enjoy
desirable
rights.
In brief it
means the enjoyment of certain important rights such as freedom of life,
freedom of thought and
freedom to
worship, etc.
This believes
that any individual or section should not hinder the progress of others.
People can enjoy
all freedom which are permissible by laws.
In ensures the
growth of poor, weak and downtrodden people also.
It interprets that liberty lies in the removal of hindrances.
Q2. What is meant by freedom? Is there a relationship between
freedom for the individual and freedom for the nation?
Ans: Freedom is a situation that limits the constraints on
individuals and allows them to expand their ability and reach
their potential.
Freedom allows
the full development of an individual’s creativity, sensibility, capabilities
and the autonomy to
make choices.
It permits the
individuals to exercise their power of reason and judgement.
Yes, there is a
relationship between freedom for the individual and freedom for the nation.
A free nation
allows the full development of individual’s talent and ability by making fewer
constraints on
individuals.
An individual is
said to be free only if she/ he resides in a free nation.
A nation is said
to be free if it has freedom as one of its principles and only if it has
provided this to its people. In
this way, individual freedom and national freedom are closely linked together.
Q3. What is the role of the state in upholding freedom of its
citizens?
Ans: The state upholds the freedom of its citizens by
providing certain rights to them.
The state
maintains ‘justifiable constraints’ or reasonable restrictions on people so
that they cannot harm others
and their
freedom.
It provides
positive liberty to its citizens to enable them to expand their ability and
talent.
It defines and checks ‘other regarding’ actions of its people in order to maintain social stability.
Q4. What is meant by social constraints? Are constraints of
any kind necessary for enjoying freedom?
Ans: Social constraints are the external controls on
individual freedom maintained by the society.
The government,
as a part of the society, controls individual freedom through laws that
embodies the power of
the government
and are legitimatised.
Constraints on
freedom are also a result of social inequality.
Yes, constraints
are essential to enjoy freedom.
Constraints are
necessary to develop respect for views and beliefs of others.
It is necessary
for the creation of a society.
Absence of
constraint would lead to imposition of beliefs and ideas of stronger groups
eventually leading to
conflict.
Constraints are required to control violence and settle disputes.
Q5. What is meant by freedom of expression? What in your view
would be a reasonable restriction on this freedom? Give
examples.
2: Freedom
Standard: 11th Arts /
Humanities Subject: Political Science
Ans: Freedom of expression means the free flow of ideas by
word and image. To add to this further:
1. It is a right
of non-interference by the state.
2. It is a
fundamental value and hence, society must be willing to hear some inconvenience
also to protect it from
people whosoever
wants to restrict it.
Reasonable
restrictions on freedom of expression:
1. At various
times the demands have been raised to ban books, plays, films and academic
articles, blogs, etc.
2. Freedom has
been classified as positive and negative liberty which requires some
justifiable constraints only.
3. But those constraints are supported by the people, and moral arguments.
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