Get ready to explore the fascinating world of human memory in Class 11 Psychology, Chapter 6! This chapter, presented by WitKnowLearn, is a thrilling ride into the depths of how our memory works. It's a key part of our psychology, a tool that shapes our experiences, learning, and everyday life.
In Class 11 Psychology Chapter 6, you'll dive into the intricacies of human memory. Ever wonder how we remember things, why we forget, or how memories shape our identities? This chapter answers these questions and more. It's not just a chapter in a textbook; it's a journey into understanding one of the most vital aspects of being human.
For students, this chapter offers detailed solutions and answers to questions that can sometimes seem puzzling. For parents and teachers, it’s a guide to understanding how memory develops and functions in young minds. Whether you are looking to ace your exams or just curious about the human mind, this chapter has something for everyone.
Human memory is like a vast library, with countless books and hidden corners. In Class 11 Psychology Chapter 6, we'll explore this library together. You'll learn about different types of memory, how they function, and what you can do to improve your memory skills. With WitKnowLearn, prepare to unlock the secrets of human memory and gain insights that will last a lifetime!
Q1. What is the meaning of the terms ‘encoding’, ‘storage’ and ‘retrieval’?
Ans: Encoding: Encoding is registering the incoming information in a way that it becomes compatible to the memory system. It is the first stage of memory. Storage: It is the second stage of memory. It refers to the process through which information is retained and held over a period of time.
Retrieval: This is the third stage of memory. It refers to bringing the stored information to her/ his awareness so that it can be used for performing various cognitive tasks such as problem solving or decision-making.
Q2. Differentiate between declarative and procedural memories?
Ans: Declarative memories: All information pertaining to facts, names, dates, such as a rickshaw has three wheels or that India became independent on August 15 1947 or a frog is an amphibian or you and your friend share the same name, are part of declarative memory. Facts retained in declarative memory are amenable to verbal description. Procedural memories: Procedural memory, on the other hand, refers to memories relating to procedures for accomplishing various tasks and skills for example- how to ride a bicycle, how to make tea or play basketball etc. The contents of procedural memory cannot be described easily.
Q3. What evidence do we have to say that ‘memory is a constructive process’?
Ans: 1. He used the method of “serial reproduction” in which the participants of his experiments recalled the memory materials reportedly at varying time intervals. While engaging in this method of learning material, his participants committed a wide variety of errors which Bartlett considered useful in understanding the process of memory construction.
2. Using meaningful materials such as texts, folk tales, fables etc. He attempted to understand the manner in which content of any specific memory gets affects by a person’s knowledge, goals, motivation, preferences and various other psychological process.
3. Schemas play an important role in the process of memorization. Schemas refer to an organization of past experiences and knowledge which influence the way in which incoming information is interpreted, stored and later retrieved. Memory, therefore becomes encoded and is stored in terms of a person’s understanding and within his/ her previous knowledge and expectations.
Q4. How is information processed through sensory, short-term and long-term memory systems?
Ans: Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory also known as stage model of memory. This proposes the existence of three separate but sequentially linked memory systems, the sensory memory, the short-term memory and the long-term memory.
The sensory memory: contains a fleeting impression of a sensory stimulus (a sight or a sound). It is initial process that preserves brief impression of stimuli. It has a large capacity. It is of very short duration that is less than a second. The short-term memory: a limited recollection of recently perceived stimuli (a telephone number or an order of drinks). It holds small amount of information for a brief periocfof time i.e. less than 30 seconds.
It is primarily encoded acoustically. The long-term memory: a more or less permanent store of memories for later retrieval (e.g. our telephone numbers). In this stage information’s are encoded semantically and storage capacity is unlimited. Each of these memory systems is seen as differing in the way they process information, how much information they can hold and for how long they can hold that information.
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