Class 8 Civics Chapter 4 Judiciary Notes and Mind map

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Introduction to Judiciary and its Functions.

The judiciary is an important branch of the government that is responsible for interpreting and enforcing laws. It plays a crucial role in maintaining law and order in society and ensuring that justice is served. The judiciary is made up of various courts, including the Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts, each with its own set of functions and responsibilities. Understanding the basics of the judiciary and its functions is essential for anyone studying law or interested in the legal system.

Types of Courts in India.

In India, the judiciary is divided into three main types of courts: the Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country and has the power to hear appeals from lower courts and issue writs. The High Courts are located in each state and have jurisdiction over cases within their respective states. The District Courts are located in each district and have jurisdiction over cases within their respective districts. In addition to these courts, there are also various specialized courts and tribunals that deal with specific types of cases, such as labor disputes, tax appeals, and environmental issues.

Structure of Indian Judiciary.

The Indian judiciary is structured into three main types of courts: the Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country and has the power to hear appeals from lower courts and issue writs. The High Courts are located in each state and have jurisdiction over cases within their respective states. The District Courts are located in each district and have jurisdiction over cases within their respective districts. Additionally, there are various specialized courts and tribunals that deal with specific types of cases. The structure of the Indian judiciary is designed to ensure that justice is accessible to all citizens and that the rule of law is upheld.

Powers and Functions of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and has the power to hear appeals from lower courts and issue writs. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction. Its original jurisdiction extends to disputes between the central government and one or more states, or between two or more states. Its appellate jurisdiction extends to civil, criminal, and constitutional matters. The Supreme Court also has the power to interpret the Constitution and declare laws unconstitutional if they violate the Constitution. Additionally, the Supreme Court has the power to review decisions of the High Courts and other lower courts.

Powers and Functions of High Courts.

High Courts are the highest courts in each state and have the power to hear appeals from lower courts within their jurisdiction. They also have original jurisdiction in certain cases, such as disputes between the state government and individuals or organizations. High Courts have the power to interpret state laws and the Constitution of India within their jurisdiction. They can also issue writs, such as habeas corpus, mandamus, and certiorari, to enforce fundamental rights and protect citizens from arbitrary actions by the government or other authorities. Additionally, High Courts have the power to review decisions of lower courts within their jurisdiction.

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