Transportation in Animals and Plants class 7 notes, mcq's and extra questions and answers
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The
NCERT Class 7 Science textbook covers the topic of transportation in animals
and plants in Chapter 11. Here is a comprehensive summary of the chapter:
Introduction: Transportation is a vital process in living organisms that involves the movement of various substances, such as water, nutrients, gases, and wastes, from one part of the body to another. In this chapter, we will study the mechanism of transportation in animals and plants.
Transportation
in Animals: The chapter begins by discussing the circulatory system in humans,
which is responsible for the transportation of blood, oxygen, and nutrients.
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The
heart is the pumping organ that circulates the blood throughout the body. The
blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries, which transport the
blood to different parts of the body. The blood contains various cells, such as
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which have different
functions. The red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues,
while the white blood cells fight infections, and the platelets help in blood
clotting.
The
chapter then explains the different types of blood vessels and their functions.
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body tissues, while
veins carry oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues back to the heart.
Capillaries are small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins and are
responsible for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between the blood
and the body tissues.
The
chapter also discusses the respiratory and excretory systems in humans and how
they contribute to the transportation of gases and wastes, respectively. The
respiratory system involves the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon
dioxide, between the lungs and the blood. The excretory system eliminates waste
products, such as urea and excess water, from the body.
Transportation
in Plants: The chapter then moves on to the mechanism of transportation in
plants. The transportation of water and nutrients in plants is essential for
their survival and growth. The plant's vascular system consists of two types of
tissues: xylem and phloem. Xylem is responsible for transporting water and
minerals from the roots to the leaves, while phloem transports food from the
leaves to other parts of the plant.
The
chapter explains the structure and function of xylem and phloem tissues in
detail. Xylem tissue consists of tracheids and vessels that transport water and
minerals through the plant. Phloem tissue consists of sieve tubes and companion
cells that transport food substances, such as sugars and amino acids, from the
leaves to the rest of the plant.
The
chapter then discusses the mechanism of water uptake by the roots through
osmosis and the role of root hairs in increasing the surface area for
absorption. It also explains the process of transpiration, which is the loss of
water vapor from the leaves of plants, and how it helps in the transportation
of water and nutrients.
The
chapter also explains the importance of mineral ions, such as nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium, in plant growth and development. It discusses the
process of nitrogen fixation, which is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen
into a usable form by certain bacteria.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of the
mechanism of transportation in animals and plants. It emphasizes the importance
of a healthy circulatory system in humans and the role of xylem and phloem
tissues in the transportation of water, nutrients, and food substances in
plants. It also highlights the significance of maintaining a balanced diet and
regular exercise for a healthy circulatory system.