CBSE Class 10 Science • Chapter Revision
Control and Coordination Class 10 Worksheet with Answers
How do you withdraw your hand from a hot object, maintain balance while walking, or respond to a sudden sound? Why do plant shoots bend towards light? Use the Control and Coordination Class 10 worksheet with answers to practise the nervous system, reflex actions, plant movements and hormonal coordination.
Control and coordination help different parts of an organism work together and respond to changes. Animals use nervous and chemical communication, while plants respond through chemical signals, growth and changes in the water content of cells. Understanding these connections makes it easier to explain examples instead of memorising isolated definitions.
Start with our Control and Coordination Class 10 notes and mind map , then attempt the worksheet independently. Use the answers to check terminology, process sequences and explanations. The revision examples below also support homework and chapter-test preparation.
Control and Coordination Class 10 Summary
| Topic | Key idea | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Nervous coordination | Neurons transmit information to coordinate responses. | Responding to a sound or moving a hand. |
| Reflex action | A rapid, automatic response through a reflex pathway. | Withdrawing a hand from a hot surface. |
| Brain functions | Different regions control different activities. | Thinking, balance and regulation of breathing. |
| Plant responses | Plants respond through growth or changes in cell turgor. | Shoots bending towards light; Mimosa leaves folding. |
| Hormonal coordination | Chemical messengers act on suitable target cells. | Insulin helping regulate blood glucose. |
Human Nervous System Class 10 Short Notes
Neuron: The Information-Carrying Cell
A neuron is a specialised cell that receives and transmits information. Its main parts include dendrites, a cell body and an axon. In a typical neuron diagram, information travels from the dendrites through the cell body and along the axon towards its terminals.
At a typical chemical synapse, the axon terminal releases chemical messengers. These cross the small gap and act on the next cell, allowing the signal to continue. An effector, such as a muscle or gland, produces the response.
Trace a Response in Order
Stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → central nervous system → motor neuron → effector → response.
A receptor detects a change, such as heat, light or pressure. The response depends on the information received and the pathway involved.
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc
A reflex action is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus. The pathway followed by the nerve impulses is called a reflex arc. In a withdrawal reflex, the spinal cord coordinates the immediate response, while information also reaches the brain.
Worked Example: Touching a Hot Object
Stimulus: Heat from the object.
Receptors: Sensory receptors in the skin.
Incoming pathway: Sensory neuron carries information
to the spinal cord.
Coordination: Connections within the spinal cord
relay the signal.
Outgoing pathway: Motor neuron carries the signal
to the muscles.
Response: Muscles contract and withdraw the hand.
Human Brain: Important Parts and Functions
| Part | Main functions |
|---|---|
| Cerebrum, a major part of the forebrain | Thinking, memory, interpretation of sensory information and control of voluntary movements. |
| Cerebellum, part of the hindbrain | Coordination and precision of movements, posture and balance. |
| Medulla, part of the hindbrain | Regulation of involuntary activities such as breathing, blood pressure and swallowing. |
The brain is protected by the skull, protective membranes and cerebrospinal fluid. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column. Together, the brain and spinal cord form the central nervous system.
Coordination in Plants: Tropic and Other Movements
Plants have no nervous system, but they can detect and respond to stimuli. Tropic movements are directional growth responses. Growth towards a stimulus is positive tropism; growth away from it is negative tropism.
| Tropism | Stimulus | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Phototropism | Light | A shoot grows towards light. |
| Gravitropism or geotropism | Gravity | Roots usually grow in the direction of gravity. |
| Hydrotropism | Water | Roots grow towards a source of moisture. |
| Chemotropism | Chemicals | A pollen tube grows towards the ovule in response to chemical signals. |
| Thigmotropism | Touch or contact | Tendrils grow around a support. |
Why Does a Shoot Bend Towards Light?
Auxin produced near the shoot tip becomes distributed unevenly when light comes from one direction. More auxin accumulates on the shaded side and promotes greater cell elongation there. Unequal growth causes the shoot to bend towards the light.
Mimosa Movement Is Different from Shoot Bending
The rapid folding of Mimosa leaves after touch involves changes in cell turgor, caused by water movement. It is not a growth movement. Shoot bending towards light, in contrast, involves unequal growth and takes longer.
Plant Hormones Class 10 Revision
- Auxins: promote cell elongation in shoots and contribute to directional growth responses.
- Gibberellins: promote growth, including stem elongation.
- Cytokinins: promote cell division.
- Abscisic acid: generally inhibits growth and helps regulate responses such as stomatal closure during water stress.
Hormonal Coordination in Humans
Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood. Hormones act as chemical messengers, but only suitable target cells respond to them. Feedback mechanisms help regulate hormone secretion according to the body’s needs.
| Gland | Hormone | Main role |
|---|---|---|
| Pituitary | Growth hormone | Supports normal body growth. |
| Thyroid | Thyroxine | Helps regulate metabolism; iodine is needed for its synthesis. |
| Adrenal glands | Adrenaline | Prepares the body for an immediate response to stress or danger. |
| Pancreas | Insulin | Helps lower and regulate blood glucose. |
| Testes | Testosterone | Contributes to male reproductive development and secondary sexual characteristics. |
| Ovaries | Oestrogen | Contributes to female reproductive development and secondary sexual characteristics. |
Control and Coordination Class 10 MCQs with Answers
1. Which brain region helps maintain balance and coordinate movement?
A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla
C. Spinal cord
D. Thyroid gland
Answer: A. Cerebellum. It helps coordinate movements and maintain posture and balance.
2. Which plant hormone promotes cell division?
A. Abscisic acid
B. Cytokinin
C. Insulin
D. Adrenaline
Answer: B. Cytokinin. Cytokinins promote cell division in plants.
3. Which hormone helps regulate blood glucose by lowering it?
A. Thyroxine
B. Testosterone
C. Insulin
D. Growth hormone
Answer: C. Insulin. It promotes processes that reduce elevated blood glucose.
Assertion–Reason Practice
Assertion: A growing shoot can bend towards light coming from one side.
Reason: Greater elongation on the shaded side produces unequal growth.
Answer: Both statements are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.
Control and Coordination Class 10 Case-Based Questions
Case Study: A Plant Near a Window
A student keeps a young potted plant near a window. After several days, the shoot bends towards the incoming light.
Question 1: Name the response.
Positive phototropism.
Question 2: Which hormone contributes to this response?
Auxin.
Question 3: Explain the bending.
Greater cell elongation on the shaded side causes the shoot
to bend towards the light.
Question 4: Is this the same mechanism as Mimosa leaf folding?
No. Shoot bending involves growth, while rapid Mimosa leaf
folding involves changes in cell turgor.
Control and Coordination Class 10 Important Questions
Use these revision prompts alongside the worksheet and textbook exercises to practise concise and extended answers.
- Draw a labelled neuron and explain the functions of its main parts.
- Describe the sequence of events in a withdrawal reflex.
- Compare voluntary actions, involuntary actions and reflex actions.
- Explain the functions of the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla.
- Compare nervous coordination and hormonal coordination.
- Explain phototropism using unequal growth and auxin distribution.
- Distinguish growth movements from rapid movements in plants.
- Describe the roles of insulin, thyroxine and adrenaline.
Diagrams and Chapter-Test Preparation
Practise labelled diagrams of a neuron, a reflex arc, the human brain and major endocrine glands. Add arrows to show the direction of information flow in a reflex arc. For plant responses, sketch the stimulus direction and the resulting growth.
Attempt the worksheet without consulting solutions. Check your answers, revise incorrect concepts and repeat those questions. For longer responses, explain the stimulus, pathway or hormone, and resulting action in a logical sequence.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a reflex action and a voluntary action?
A reflex action is an automatic response through a reflex pathway. A voluntary action involves conscious control, such as deciding to pick up a book.
Does the brain receive information during a withdrawal reflex?
Yes. The spinal cord can coordinate the immediate withdrawal, while information also travels to the brain. The initial response does not wait for a conscious decision.
Are all involuntary actions reflex actions?
No. Involuntary actions include many activities that occur without conscious control. Reflex actions are a particular type of automatic response to a stimulus.
How is nervous coordination different from hormonal coordination?
Nervous signals travel through neurons and commonly produce rapid, specific responses. Hormones travel through the blood and act on target cells; their effects often develop more slowly and last longer.
Why do hormones affect only particular cells?
Target cells have suitable receptors for a hormone. Cells without the appropriate receptors do not respond in the same way.
Why is iodine needed in the diet?
The thyroid gland needs iodine to make thyroid hormones, including thyroxine. Iodine deficiency can reduce hormone production and cause enlargement of the thyroid, known as goitre.
What happens when adrenaline is released?
Adrenaline helps prepare the body for immediate action. Heart rate and breathing increase, and blood flow is adjusted to support active muscles.
How does feedback help regulate insulin secretion?
Rising blood glucose stimulates insulin release. As glucose returns towards the normal range, the stimulus for further insulin secretion decreases.
What is the difference between phototropism and geotropism?
Phototropism is directional growth in response to light. Geotropism, also called gravitropism, is directional growth in response to gravity.
How should I prepare Control and Coordination extra questions?
Revise definitions, diagrams and examples together. Practise explaining a complete response, comparing two mechanisms and applying concepts to unfamiliar situations.
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